1 Samuel 7:10

Authorized King James Version

And as Samuel was offering up the burnt offering, the Philistines drew near to battle against Israel: but the LORD thundered with a great thunder on that day upon the Philistines, and discomfited them; and they were smitten before Israel.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיְהִ֤י
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
שְׁמוּאֵל֙
And as Samuel
shemuel, the name of three israelites
#3
מַֽעֲלֶ֣ה
was offering up
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
#4
הָֽעוֹלָ֔ה
the burnt offering
a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending); usually a holocaust (as going up in smoke)
#5
פְּלִשְׁתִּים֙
the Philistines
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth
#6
נִגְּשׁ֔וּ
drew near
to be or come (causatively, bring) near (for any purpose); euphemistically, to lie with a woman; as an enemy, to attack; religious to worship; causati
#7
לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה
to battle
a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)
#8
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#9
וַיַּרְעֵ֣ם
thundered
to tumble, i.e., be violently agitated; specifically, to crash (of thunder); figuratively, to irritate (with anger)
#10
יְהוָ֣ה׀
but the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#11
בְּקוֹל
thunder
a voice or sound
#12
גָּ֠דוֹל
with a great
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
#13
בַּיּ֨וֹם
on that day
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
#14
הַה֤וּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#15
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#16
פְּלִשְׁתִּים֙
the Philistines
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth
#17
וַיְהֻמֵּ֔ם
and discomfited
properly, to put in commotion; by implication, to disturb, drive, destroy
#18
וַיִּנָּֽגְפ֖וּ
them and they were smitten
to push, gore, defeat, stub (the toe), inflict (a disease)
#19
לִפְנֵ֥י
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#20
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 1 Samuel. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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